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Wireless, Virtual, Cloud, & Mobile Networking–Advanced IP Networking–NETWORKING, SECURITY, & MORE ESSENTIALS—CompTIA Network+ (N10-007) NETWORK-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
Wireless, Virtual, Cloud, & Mobile Networking Wireless Networking (Note:Ad-hoc networks are Wi-Fi networks comprised only of peer computers.) Intro To 802.11–uses radio waves to transmit info between nodes. A WAP (Wireless Access Point) is a bridging device that connects into an Ethernet network & communicates via radio waves to wireless clients. A WAP has a SSID (Service Set Identifier), a word or phrase used to connect wireless devices to the WAP device. CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) is the method used to prevent wireless collisions. Almost all devices & gadgets today have wireless NICs built-in to them! 802.11 Standards Early wireless standards were 802.11b (2.4-GHz) and 802.11a…
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Remote Connectivity–Advanced IP Networking–NETWORKING, SECURITY, & MORE ESSENTIALS—CompTIA Network+ (N10-007) NETWORK-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
Remote Connectivity Telephony Technologies Original telephone systems used frequency division multiplexing; today they use time division multiplexing. T1 = 24 DSOs = runs at 1.544 (~1.5) Mbps T3 = 28 DS1s = runs at 44.736 (~45) Mbps [DS1–Digital Signal 1] E1 and E3 are European carriers 64 Kbps Frequency Division Multiplexing Time Division Multiplexing A DS0 can carry 64 kilobits per second! DS1 (digital signal 1)–24 DS0 signals all going down the same wire. this is not Frequency, but Time Division Multiplexing, it uses block & frames, not frequencies. DS1 is just a signal type that runs on something called “T1”. “T1” is a specific type of cabling system. T1…
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IPv6–Advanced IP Networking–NETWORKING, SECURITY, & MORE ESSENTIALS—CompTIA Network+ (N10-007) NETWORK-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
IPv6 Intro To IPv6 IPv6 are 128-bits, have a MUCH larger address space than IPv4. IPv6 addresses have 8 segments separated by 7 colons. IPv6 allows data to move much faster through the internet. NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) IPv6 Addressing IPv6 addresses can be shortened by removing leading zeros, but be familiar with the rules. IPv6 addresses have 2 IP addresses: a link-local address & an Internet address. The 2nd part of the IPv6 address using EUI-64 is generated from the MAC address. Link-local address is automatically generated; Internet address is provided by local router. Link-local address starts fe80:0000:0000:0000 (1st four sets) Smallest IPv6 address you can have will be…
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Advanced IP Networking–NETWORKING, SECURITY, & MORE ESSENTIALS—CompTIA Network+ (N10-007) NETWORK-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
Advanced IP Networking Advanced Networking Devices Understand IP Tunneling Very few Internet protocols are encrypted! Tunnels can encapsulate unencrypted protocols to create encrypted communication channels. Tunnels are often used with remote access connections. A tunnel starts by making an encrypted connection between 2 computers. Tunnels are used to provide encryption where there normally isn’t any. They are used to encrypt unencrypted protocols. VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) A VPN creates a secure tunnel so a remote machine or network can be part of a local network. A ‘client-to-client‘ VPN connects a remote computer to a local network. A ‘site-to-site‘ VPN connects distant networks into a single network. Remote Connections Challenges LAN…
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Securing TCP/IP–NETWORKING, SECURITY, & MORE ESSENTIALS—CompTIA Network+ (N10-007) NETWORK-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
Securing TCP/IP Making TCP/IP Secure Security can be broken into 3 areas: The “CIA of Security”: Confidentiality, Integrity, & Availability Confidentiality can be addressed through encryption. Confidentiality & integrity must be balanced with availability. Encryption Non-repudiation Availability Authorization & Authentication–big part of CIA Symmetric Encryption Cleartext is any unencrypted data. Algorithms use keys to encrypt cleartext into cyphertext. An algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt & decrypt is symmetric encryption. Caesar Cipher–“old goldie”–like a secret decoder ring. Algorithms–the process that “stirs up” the values. Note: All algorithms work this way…we’re going to have cleartext, cyphertext, some form of algorithm, & a key. Key Cyphertext Asymmetric Encryption (created by…
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Security & Organization–NETWORKING, SECURITY, & MORE ESSENTIALS—CompTIA A+ (220-1001) A-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
Securing Computers Threats The term “security” encompasses host- and network-based security, and physical security. Common threats include man-in-the-middle attacks, DoS, and DDoS attacks. Symptoms of such attacks (Flags!) include renamed system files, missing files, & more. DoS–Denial of Service; DDoS–Distributed Denial of Service. Zero Day–a new threat that no one has seen before. Dealing With Threats Host-based security includes patching, anti-malware, and a firewall. Network-based security includes IDS, IPS, & firewalls. UTM (Unified Threat Management) includes IDS/IPS, firewalls, and anti-malware; available in the cloud. IDS–Intrusion Detection Systmes IPS–Intrusion Prevention Systems; these systems are more active! Endpoint Management Physical Security Physical security includes perimeter security, room locks, and individual device security.…
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Cryptography & Cyber Security Course Notes
Crytopgraphy For Security course on You Tube. The triad of cybersecurity is: Confidentiality Integrity Availability Confidentiality refers to “the property that sensitive info is not disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes”. —N.I.S.T. Intregrity is defined as the “guarding against improper info modification or destruction, and includes ensuring information non-repudiation & authenticity”. -NIST Availability is “ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information”. -NIST Impact of Security Breaches: Effectiveness of primary operations are reduced. Financial loss Damage to assets Harm to individuals Threat: potential violation of security Attack: assault on system security derived from intelligent threat. Aspects of Security Security Attack—any action that attempts to compromise the security…
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Blockchain & Money: Session 14: Blockchain Payments, Part 2 by M.I.T. Sloan School of Management with Professor Gary Gensler
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Security issue in Apple Airdrop allow attackers to steal personal information
Simple tip for NON-TECH users…This security issue can also be mitigated by sticking to the principle of least privilege, even when it comes to seemingly innocent apps, that are just trying to make our lives easier. If you’re not actively using Apple’s AirDrop feature, then DO NOT have it running in the background, unnecessarily. “So far, Apple has neither acknowledged the problem nor indicated that they are working on a solution,” the researchers concluded. “This means that the users of more than 1.5 billion Apple devices are still vulnerable to the outlined privacy attacks. Users can only protect themselves by disabling AirDrop discovery in the system settings and by refraining…
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Current Events Breakdown: To unlock a terrorist’s iPhone, the FBI turned to an obscure company in Australia; a technique called an “Exploit Chain” was used.
So there’s quite a juicy, drama-filled story in the Washington Post that could be a Hollywood plot line about Apple, the FBI, a terrorist’s iPhone, and HACKERS!!! Azimuth Security, a publicity-shy company that says it sells its cyber wares only to democratic governments, secretly crafted the solution the FBI used to gain access to the device, according to several people familiar with the matter. The iPhone was used by one of two shooters whose December 2015 attack left more than a dozen people dead. So, yeah Azimuth is a hacking firm for the better good you can say. Azimuth is a poster child for “white hat” hacking, experts say, which…
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Hackers Add a Backdoor to PHP Source Code; 79% of Websites Use PHP
According to the Bleeping Computer new service, PHP’s Git server was hacked via a backdoor to the PHP source code. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language especially suited to web development. Typically a server-side programming language, PHP powers many sites on the internet including big players like Wikipedia and Facebook. In this latest attack the official PHP Git repository was hit and the code base was tampered with. Yesterday, two malicious commits were pushed to the php-src Git repository maintained by the PHP team on their git.php.net server. The threat actors had signed off on these commits as if these were made by known PHP developers and maintainers, Rasmus Lerdorf …
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USB (Universal Serial Bus) Standards—CompTIA A+ (220-1001) A-PLUS Certification Prep Course Notes
